![]() ![]() Transverse (T)-tubules invaginate the sarcolemma, allowing impulses to penetrate the cell and activate the SR. The sarcoplasm is the specialized cytoplasm of a muscle cell that contains the usual subcellular elements along with the Golgi apparatus, abundant myofibrils, a modified endoplasmic reticulum known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), myoglobin and mitochondria. The sarcolemma forms a physical barrier against the external environment and also mediates signals between the exterior and the muscle cell. Muscle cells are long, cylindrical structures that are bound by a plasma membrane (the sarcolemma) and an overlying basal lamina and when grouped into bundles (fascicles) they make up muscle. Hundreds or thousands of muscle fibers (cells) bundle together to make up an individual skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is the muscle attached to the skeleton. To understand how a muscle contracts, you need to know a bit about the structure of muscle cells. However, the 'function' of impulses in muscle cells is to bring about contraction. So, impulses travel along muscle cell membranes just as they do along nerve cell membranes. The cell membrane of a muscle cell is called the sarcolemma, and this membrane, like that of neurons, maintains a membrane potential. Branches of the nerve and blood vessels follow the connective tissue components of the muscle of a nerve cell and with one or more minute blood vessels called capillaries (Source: ). Generally, an artery and at least one vein accompany each nerve that penetrates the epimysium of a skeletal muscle. Before a skeletal muscle fiber can contract, it has to receive an impulse from a neuron. Skeletal muscles have an abundant supply of blood vessels and nerves. Within the fasciculus, each individual muscle cell, called a muscle fiber, is surrounded by connective tissue called the endomysium. Each bundle of muscle fiber is called a fasciculus and is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called the perimysium. Each compartment contains a bundle of muscle fibers. Portions of the epimysium project inward to divide the muscle into compartments. Fascia, connective tissue outside the epimysium, surrounds and separates the muscles. Each muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the epimysium. Skeletal muscles may be made up of hundreds, or even thousands, of muscle fibers bundled together and wrapped in a connective tissue covering. They range from extremely tiny strands such as the stapedium muscle of the middle ear to large masses such as the muscles of the thigh. Skeletal muscles vary considerably in size, shape, and arrangement of fibers. muscle of the viscera (e.g., in walls of blood vessels, intestine, & other 'hollow' structures and organs in the body).also called striated muscle (because of its appearance under the microscope, as shown in the photo to the left). ![]() elasticity - tends to return to original shape & length after contraction or extension.contractility - able to shorten in length.excitability - responds to stimuli (e.g., nervous impulses).Highly magnified view of a neuromuscular junction (Hirsch 2007). Let's now focus on muscle - what is its structure & how does it work. Thus, the nervous and muscle systems are closely interconnected. Nervous stimulation but their contraction can be influenced by the nervous Some muscles (skeletal muscles) will not contract unless stimulatedīy neurons other muscles (smooth & cardiac) will contract without sodium then diffuses in & the membrane potential becomes less negative,Īnd, if the threshold potential is reached, an action potential occurs,Īn impulse travels along the muscle cell membrane, and the muscle contracts.the transmitter molecules fill receptor sites in the membrane of the muscle & increase membrane permeability to sodium,. ![]() In other words:Ĭhemical transmitter is released from vesicles (each of which contains 5,000 - 10,000 molecules of acetylcholine) and diffuses across the neuromuscular Very much like a synapse between neurons ( neuromuscular junction video). The nervous system 'communicates' with muscle via neuromuscular (also called myoneural) junctions. A translated version of this page (in Estonian) is available at: ![]()
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